Machinery for breaking fibrous plants and separating out the fibers



v (No Model.) 2 Sheets-Sheet 1.

M. RAABE 3a H. ZIMMERMANN. MAUHINERY FOR BREAKING PIBROUS PLANTS AND SEPARATING- OUT THE FIBYERS.

Patented Ma 25, 1886.

MTM

ZL/WQ NA PETERS. Phmumugnpher, wasningm. :7.oA

2 Sheets-Sheet 2.

M. RAABE 8v P.v H.- ZIMMERMANN.

MACHINERY FOR BREAKING FIBROUS PLANTS AND SEPARATING OUT THE FIBERS.

N0.'342,631. e Patented May 25, 1886.

(No Model.)

f7 MW UNITEDA` STATES rino/n.

ArtNr WAX RAABE ANI) FRIEDRICH HEINRICH ZIMMERMANN, OF HALLE-ON- THE-SAALE, PRUSSIA, ASSIGNORS OF ONE-HALF TO FRANZ RAABE, OF EUTRITZSOH, NEAR LEIPSIO, AND F GERMANY.

RIEDRIOH NV. I. HOUOKES, OF LEIPSIO,

MACHINERY FOR BREAKING FIBROUS PLANTS AND SEPARATING OUT THE FIBERS.

SPECIFICATION forming part. of Letters Patent No. 342,631, dated May 25, 1886.

Application tiled February 16, 1886. Serial No. 192,125.

German Empire, have invented new and use-c ful Improvements in Machinery for Breaking Fibrous Plants and Separating outthe Fibers, whereof the following is a specification.

Our invention relates to machinery for breaking fibrous plants and separating out the bers by means of rolls; and the improvements consist in making the periphery of the main breaking-rolls of round-faced bars, having between them slits for the passage of the chaff produced by the breaking-operation, the faces of the bars being of different width in the different pairs of coacting-rolls.

Moreover the improvements consist in the 2o combination, with-the said rolls, of a pair of smooth rolls first receiving the stalks of the plants, ofa series of corrugated rolls serving to detach the back and resinous parts of the stalks and separating the fibers from each other, and of beaters adapted to beat out from the tibers the loose chaff adhering thereto.

A machine constructed according to our invention is represented on the annexed two sheets of drawings- Figure l, divided into l" and l", being a longitudinal section; Fig. 2, divided into 2n and 2", a plan; and Figs. 3 and 4 transverse sections on the linesAB and GD, respectively.

The material to be treated is spread out and conducted to the first pair of rolls,b,on a table,

a. rlhe said rolls have a smooth surface, and they are so adjusted in respect to each other that they will slightly compress the stalks, but without crushing them. From the rolls b the 4o material .is conducted to the second pair of rolls, d, by a table, c'. These rolls and the rolls of the following pairs, c and f, consist of bars xed to the periphery of disks keyed on an aXle, the said bars presenting to the material to be treated a round face, which in each succeeding' pair of rolls is narrower than in the preceding one. Thus the rolls d are made with round bars of a diameter of one-half or five-eighths of an inch. The following pair,

(Noy model.)

e, may also have round bars, but these are thinner than those of the rolls d. The bars of the third pair, j', which require to have still narrower operating-faces, are preferably made of elliptical section, and they are tixed edgewise to the disks. rlhe bars of the upper rolls of each ofthe pairs d, e, andf mesh with those of the corresponding lower rolls, but so that a small space is left between the cooperating bars for the passage of the material. rIhe lower rolls are -mounted in fixed bearings, whereas the upper rolls rotate in bearings movable between vertical guides, and which are suspended by adjusting-screws to springs g, in order to prevent the upper rolls from meshing too closely with the lower rolls, and from crushing the material to an injurious extent. The rolls are driven by a pulley, x,

which may be keyed on the axle of the lower sense as vthe rolls with which they co-operate.

These beaters serve to convey the material 8o from one pair of rolls to the other, to shake the same during its passage, and to beat outtherefrom the ligneous particles having become loose by the action of the rolls. In the drawings such beaters are shown as being arranged between the upper rolls as well as between the lower ones; but the upper beaters may be left away, as with thelower ones alone the desired effect may also be attained. The said beaters may be driven by chains and sprocket-wheels.

The operation of the described pairs of rolls is as follows: The tirst rolls, b, slightly hatten the stalks and crack them lengthwise. The second rolls, d, break the ligneous portions of 95 the stalks transversely, but not so much as to injure the iibers. By the' third rolls, e, the reduction of the said portions is carried further, and bythe fourth rolls, f, it is substantially completed. The chaffprodnced by these successive operations is partly separated ont from the tibers by the rolls themselves in passing through the slits of the same; partly it is removed by the beaters h. By the rolls f the treatment of the material is, however, not finished, as portions of bark and hard resinons substances still adhere to the fibers. For reducing and detaching these,and for separating the bers from each other and rendering them softer, the material is passed between a plurality of pairs of rolls, k,(in the drawings only three pairs are shown,) having comparatively narrow longitudinal corrngat-ions or grooves, which in the co-operating rolls mesh with each other. The said rolls k may have beaters h combined with them in like manner as` the rolls b d e f,- but the rolls k will also work without beaters, provided they be placed sufticiently close together as that the material may pass directly from one pair of rolls to the other. The upper ones of the rolls Icare mount-v ed in movable bearings that are pressed down by springs g, the tension whereof is adjustable by means ot' svrews. From the last pair of rolls k the nished material falls on a traveling deliverycloth, s.

Of the grooved rolls k only the lower ones require to be driven by wheel-work. It' preferred, the portion of the machine containing the said rolls k may be detached from the portion in which the rolls b d e f are mounted. The number of rolls of either portion may be varied, and instead of constructing all the pairs of rolls d ef with bars of different width of face, there may be two or more pairs, d or e orf, having bars of like description.

W'e claim as our invention- 1. In a machine for treating fibrous plants, 4o in View of separating ont the fibers, the combination, with each other, of a pair ot' smooth rolls,b,and a varying number of pairs of rolls, such as d e f, whose periphery is constructed of round faced bars, having between them slits and meshing with the bars of the co-operating rolls, the said faces in any succeeding pair or pairs of rolls being narrower than in the preceding pair or pairs, substantially as and for the purpose described.

2. The combination, with the smooth rollsb andv a number ot' pairs of rolls, such as d e f, constructed with round-faced bars having between them slits. of a plurality of pairs' of grooved rolls k, meshing with each other, substantially as and for the purpose specified.

3. The combination, with the smooth rolls b, t-he rolls d e f, constructed with round-faced bars having between them slits.and thegrooved rolls, k, or with any of the said rolls, of rotat ing-beaters h, substantially as hereinbefore set forth.

-ln testimony whereof we have hereunto set our hands in the presence of two subscribing witnesses.

MAX RAABE. FRIEDRICH HEINRICH' ZIMMERMANN.

Witnesses for Max Raabe:

AUGUSTUS CHARLES G'Us'rAvUs SKYNNER, RALPH CIBRoY. Vitnesses for Friedrich Heinrich Zimmermann;

FRIEDRICH W. I. HoUcHET, FRANZ RAABE. 

